In May 2015, the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly adopted the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Assembly called all Member States of the World Health Organization to put in place by mid-2017 national action plans against AMR that are aligned with the objectives of the global action plan.

The Council conclusions adopted in June 2016 under the Dutch Presidency of the Council of the European Union reiterated the importance that Member States put in place national action plans against AMR, based on the One Health approach i.e. encompassing human health, animal health and the environment.

The available national action plans and strategies developed at national level in EU countries, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and United Kingdom can be found here.

Since 2017 EU countries are supported by the European Union Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (EU-JAMRAI). The joint action facilitates best practices exchange and discussion among policy makers to develop and implement effective "One Health" policies and national action plans.

A country-to-country peer review system was set up to track European Union One Health country visits.

A review of Member States’ AMR One Health National Action Plans was published in 2022.